lea vit t



enormes'- iaiiEAV'Ir'r/or new rerun-ii,

Lenen mail No. 107,922, tiene ocmw i, 1ero.

inmersiones? an The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thel sama To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, (limones P. Lmvrrr, of the city, count-y, and State of New York, have invented4 o new and useful inprorement in Hot-nir'Engines, of which the following is o full, clear, and exact. description, reference being had to the accompanying dxewixuf formiug'pert oi' this specification, nud in `Figure 1 represents a liolfair engine embracing my improvement., with a. portion of tho inolosing-wall or outer ense of the lient-generator removed;

Figure 2, sectional pion oi` the sume, token nrsinilicened by the lino x a: in iig. I;

Figure 3, o sectional elevation of one of the work-v ing cylinders, with parte immediately pertaining thereto, and nir-,receiver and cooler attached;

Figure 4 is n horizontal section through said working cylinder, taken, mainly, :is indicated by the linea: z in iig. 3; end l Figure 5, n sectional elevation, on au enlarged scale, ol' the lower portion of the heater or tank thereof at the bottom of the working-cylinder, with its' inlet und outlet otfaclnncnts, for the circulating liquid, in illustration of the ljoint establishing such connections. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding giurie. y

My invention relates to that class of engines in which the power in deriverl from alternately heating and cooling atmospheric air, orfoilier'snitabie gaseous iuid, said oir or duid being Worked under compression, und the heut primarily communica-ted to it vby oil or other liquid, gos, or vapor, heated by o suitable iurnnee; and

The oreutiou, which idenomioate u. thermostatio engine, embraces various novelties iu the. method of working and in tiro construction of tine engine, which contribute materially to its success, the same including; en advantageous inode of importing heat to the nir in the working-cylinder 0i' the engine by the coursing; o'i iihot liquid through. n tubular structure inthe lower end of said cylinder, serving to lient n liquid surrounding the tub-es of said structure, into u'liiohrproliongetions of the pistou are malle to dip.

Alec, lhe-iorentioninoiudes o sprinkler or cooler to Athe exhaust oir in the upper portion of the working cylinder uitcr the semelles imported ocertuinzimounl'i oi" its' heat to n metallic reservoir or tran:afer-ehemher that serres to heat theiucoming air.

Besides tli'ese,'the invention includes rarious denils. as hcreinoter described, for making more peo' feet such system or 'method of working :s'hlghpresr nre hot-oir engine, iu which it'. is not intended to claim, lu'outlly, muslim-ing the heal:y from 'the furnace oyV het liquid, nor yet to rest-riet the .heating-liquida) nu,

nutiooler description, nud-the some moyeither .lne

mereurafnsiblo motel, steain, or oil, which latter il; will suiiee here to refer to es the heating-medium. Prior to describing the encino represented in the accompanying drawing,whici1 is' but one form of applying the invention, il; may here be remarked that., while but two working cylinders are here shown, with their pistons arranged to more simultaneously in roverse directions, and each, as usual in Asuch engines, only exerting power on the crank during its one or upstroke, itis preferred to use four cylinders, with their pistons and. cranks arranged to uvoid the cocu once oi' a deadwzenter, and operating to produce o, more regular motion. When four o 'fliuderslarenoe then the nir-"eceiver, hereinafter referred to, may v dispensed with, :ind-said cylinders made alterner y and successively to take the, place oi'. seid reccivea-z A iu the drawing represents en nir-receiver a cooler, in which the nir is eouuireseii till it renc the requisite pressure;

B B are the working cylinders; and G C'C, the pipes which convey the oir from the receiver to said-'cylinders through' ,'nlves D, when the sumo are opened for the purpose, and which is, during the ung-'stroke ,of the piston, or during o oor-- tion thereof, oenording to the periodof cutting on to work the air expansirely iu the cylinders. v

E E are the return-pipes, for the exhaust air and cooling-liquid, tothe receiveiiofg, Y A The air, after inline performed its duty in' ex oaxided and highly-heated state in either cylinder, he

' low thc istou F thereof is assed out from seid ovl P s c vinder, by end during the descent ot' the. piston, up through o metallic reservoir' or transfer-chamber, G, formed of suitably-seperated lomin or plates, to which it transmits 'o largo portion of its heet, for the purpose of heating the incoming' oir, to supply 'the next stroke or" the engine, and for preprozitorily cooling the exhaustnir oeiore itis passed into the working cylinder above the' pistou, where `it is further cooled, as will he liereiuiiiteridescribed.

Suid exhaust air is thus 'returned to 'the' working cylinder through valves H l, open during the descentot'thc piston, but closed in its ascenta The object oi tho epfvulro I is to dimiuishtho friction oi the slidevalve H,end protect it fwmpressure of the oir in the upper portion of the cylinder.

Thefariungoinent of the regeuerator or transfer-chamber@ between tile of the pluies oomprffsing it Loing weer` i edil-istmo Y The @melody-cooled osha-u the irsuscr-clwnber G, sind return to the. working cylinder above the piston, is there further cooled by o, spl ihlglcr, J, and, subsequeuily, thai is, in the next osceni ci' the pistou, expelled, by the letter, back `through valves K l zuid the rcturn-pioe E, to the receiver f3. The sprinkler J, in tifo upper poro of cach working cylinder, is supplied with cooling water,

' oil, or other liquid, oy or troni u ree ireruudcr :1 stezidy high pressure, such es the reoeirer A, opereting to ilnpel the fluid through the shower-pou or sprinkler, whenever the pressure in the working cylinder is below that or" said receiver.

To this end, the cooling-liquid is fed to the sprinkle hy o pipe, c, from jacket", U, arranged to snrronnd the 'ziirchemiserA but in open communication with the latter by o lower opening, d, so that the air ond weer or cooliogdiqnid returned by the pieton in its upeslrolgc through .the plee E, will readily Shen` respective places, and the cooling-liquid in @he jacko; U serre to keep the eir-reeeiver iight. The confined oir and in the receiver and cooler A, ocing o nou ille surieoe oi' the cooling-liquid rising through the opening ci, espeis said liquid into the showermon J, whenever the pressure 'in the noi-.zing cylinder is sui'- ilcienily below that; o the oir io tho receiver, rift-sr said coolingdiqoid has performed its duty within the cylinder, is returned, along with ibo cooled exizou nir, 'by the pieton, lo its lip-stroke, bock through the valves li pipe E, to ihe receiver A and its 'eolici U. These valves K. ii, which enerve? lha tn'coid purpose of'ienn'ningche cirund olio coolingiquid, are o o nrrong'eo as thai, when closed, they `.vill

e protected and. sealed by o reinined loyer or tixlu cody oi ibo ooollogdiquid.

vThe transfer-chamber G, :is hereinheihre referred to, made to impari heal, derived from the exhaust nir passing up through it, to the incoming air, which has to pass dorm through between the booting-plates of said chamber before io enters the cylinder below the piston. Here said incominguir is still further heated and high l y expanded, to give to it an effective propelling power ou the pistou, by hot oil or liquid iu the took L, which derives its lient-limo o larger mass oi hot liquid, circulated in d coil of pipe, il, oi' o, suitable furnace or generator, nud driven rapidly by any proper forcing device, 0, up through one set oi i-uhes, M, and down through another set of tubes, lli', contained .within a tenir, il, situated in the ing cylinder, ibo circulation ninos P and {,l. nud the hczfo from the hot liquid, time coursing the tubulin' otll'uciure iu the bottom ot the vorking oyliiuler,.being communicated to the liquid contained within he solsL, ioiihe purposefoheat ing the air in the n'oiliinf' cylinder. By this combi! being kept np through ib notion oil exterior and interior liquids 'the primary heating-duid isprotec'ie ii'oor'thc high pressure of che interior of thc'n'orkiug cylinder, inasmuch cs itis confined hy pines or' tubes, through whichv it; is ropidly driven; also, the secondari-y 'hei-.led vliquid surrounding theiuhes lll M' is otlzerwise made available beyond impe-Wing heat in' o direct nia-nner to the nil' in the worliiogoylinder, vim-connected with @zich piston il, :ire downwargilyproj:acting cylindrical metallic prolongations, l:such us tho' lsnninio R- E, -whichfzie heroic into and leere rho heated liquid in the tznih L, surrounding ibo tubes, impart heat, to ilienr iu the working cylinder, and regulate and confine vthc hoo liquid which falls between them. Tl: lse prolongetionsor heaters should have shimhic perlordtions to allow the' free passage of the hot air.

piston i", which should he suitably protected zii iii hoiiom hy non-ocuducting facing, Z1, is proiovcr extension oitho workersting upon cup-leathers e e.

- duce the tcinperatdreof th -der, entering from above thc p vided with sprinkleis or sprinklingups, S S, ol'miy suitable form, between the laminas, to dip up :md

. ,5s-bowel the hot liquid, for the purpose ol'- imparting si. oir, lifter its leaving additional bezit to the expondirg oir.

Said piston F is likewise mode to retain the heat communicated to the air, and, at the same time, to protect the working cylinder from hoh air ,below the piston, by moons of a shield or prolongation, T, of n cylindrical form, and made to t the interior of the working cylinder, By thus constructing und providing the piston l?, the air and heating-liquid me kept intheir proper places, :md the cylinders kept cool 4while lche oir is heated bythe oiled surface ol the lsmin during its expansion within the cylinder.

' The aforesaid shield is vertically slotted, for the passage of the oir coming ir; through the lower por:

from the trausbx'-obo.robcr, and the laron also have such openings as may be neoossaryfor the movement ot' the oir. These slots are secu at n n, fig'. 4. The

vertical elongation of the aforesaid lower port is for be purpose of making the opening slot of the ishleld es narrow as pracoicable.

The port-ion of the cylinder containing the tink L horizontal tubes or passages Z Z.

These parts ore so arranged as to allow the passage of the vertical prolongations of the piston between theinfand thc entire lieiitei'czhfhe uiovod from tho tank when necessary, by unscxewing its connections with che pipes P and Q. These pipes hold it down rmly when they ore drown doi'vnward by the mits] l.

The joints where the pipes land Q enterand leave the lower end of the cylinder and the tank L, are model in such :i my as to counteract the effects of thev ex'- ccssive heet in the passing o, Vizz' the portion of the cylinder-almrliioh the pipo: pass through is doprcssod several inches below the level of the tank, making o. protect-ivo chamber through which the pipes reach tno tank, surrounded as they pass. by'the short cylindrical pipes k k, which are iu Contact with tifoy trink above and the cyliutn: below, byjeiheir ends, ou s and Aare 'made tight by wit-h the bottom of thc mul: L, will thus drow-it down forcibly` :uid firmly compress the ends of '1: k ganlt the tank' above., and the cylinder' bihow, tlmg'making joints which are not in coutacbu'ith theheatsl pipe; The entire spaces between k and B (2,9341 betivocnJr-,' und thc u'nllsozlho c ilindetxlr filled 1\' itl| suitable non-conducting material. This' constnlctignif admits olhosting the heater or tubular structure Ml' lli outoi' the top of thc cylinder, by simply removin the nuts Il and nnconpling the. pipes below. Soci lng. l

The piswu F is kept tight by n liquid po'clging,op` This is done ,by n' tion ofthe liquid introduced hy'the sprinkler J, tome-A eziig in thc working cylin-4 v sich,1lno'ugh-ii'vnlx'c, .Liuto the interior of thc plshmnuth'by o.' ilegible diaplnugui, 51,01' piston :irrzmgmnnt ilctcd'niwn li," the pressure oi' the air f|mi:}1-:cncntli, ouileniugo .comprese the liquid in the piston, l .lnA 'thisiwiirxlie pressure,olterniitcly applied :lliure and bolowhopltv ton E, servos io keepin tight."` l- 5 .lhe smiling-boxes hgnf ille, pistoufrodo, may heY construction is clearly-exhibited, in iig..5 oftlicfldrlw-lv siuiilzirly keps'tight br tliollonid admitted thronfvh branch-pipes c' c to not upon the interior of doubleenp leather pnek'mgs yi* i* thereto, seid leather pecklngs being confined by means oi' the glands and suitnblc rings. The same arrangements of liquid pressnre, acting on, the cupped leather packings, held by lands and rings, are applied to the stntmgboxes of the valve-stems. Sncli mode ot' packing the several working parts liable to leakage is of considerable import-ance in n. high-pressure hot-air engine.

What is here claimed, and desired to bc secured by Letters Patent, is

1. The tank of isolated hot liquid in tbe lower part of the cylinder oi' a high-pressure hot-air engine, subp stantially as described.

2. The tubular arrangement or heater for imparting to the liquid in the cylinder heat derived from an- V other liquid, ges, or vapor, circulated in the heater, constructed substantially as described.

3. The arrangement o f e. sprinkler above the piston, in combination with a heater below the piston, for licat. ing and cooling the air,snbstantially as described.

4. The combination, with the liquid-heating chamber, below the piston, and sprinkling cooling-chamber above, of the regenerator G, all arranged for operation substantially as described.

5. The vertical slot in'the shield 'l on the piston F, for allowing the passage of the air-intothe cylinder above the surface ofthe heating liquid, as dcscribed.`

.6. The prolongations Il 1i ol' the piston, in combination with the hot liquid, in which they dlp, for the purpose set forth.

'l'. The arrangement of the sprinkling-cups S S S between-the vertical leminee or prolongation of the piston, for the purposes described.

8. The combination, with the hollow working piston of a hot-air engine, ofthe valve f, the exible diaphragm g, :ind the cup-leathers e e, ineonnectill with a cooling liquid above the piston, te establish a, liquid pecking capable of being ltightened byalternating pressure above and below. I

9. The receiver, composed of the inner. and outer cylinders or vessels A Uhvit-b their connections and commnnimtions, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. Thelconstruction oi the joints where the pipes P and Q enfer' and leave the working cylinder and tank L, substantially as described.

1l. rlthe cup-lestllerand liquid-packings to the stuffing-boxcs of the piston-rods and valve-stems of a highpressure hot-air engine, in combination with la. highpressnre reservoir, and the pipe-s c c', connecting them, substantially as and for the purpose described. 12. rihe combination of the dsp-valve I with the slide-valve. H, essentially as sud for the purpose specified.

Witnesses: CEAS. I. LEVITT.

.loner D. Ross-er, i y Henin' PALMER. 

